Researchers awarded nearly $3.5 million to advance 3DCP Research & Education

Applied Research Associates (ARA), a research and engineering firm headquartered in New Mexico, has awarded faculty in the University of Arkansas’ College of Engineering nearly $3.5 million to study the most expedient ways to 3D print horizontal mission structures for the US military, according to the university’s news outlet. The $3.5 million sub-award comes as part of a larger $12 million award ARA received from the United States Army Engineer Research and Development Center.

The faculty team will work to identify optimum design patterns and indigenous materials that can be used in horizontal construction projects (such as creating culverts, T-walls, and Jersey barriers), as well as develop printing instructions for mobile robots that can be deployed quickly on site.

Michelle Barry, an associate professor of civil engineering, will serve as the principal investigator of the two-year grant. Wenchao Zhou, an associate professor of mechanical engineering, and Cameron Murray, an assistant professor of civil engineering, will serve as co-PIs.

Barry, who oversees the Granular Materials Research Laboratory, will have several responsibilities, including the exploration of new material structures and geometric configurations to optimize performance and efficiency. This will include examining biomimetic structures that can reduce material use while increasing strength.

Michelle Barry and Wenchao Zhou in the AMBOTS lab, in front of a robotic 3D printing platform. Source: University of Arkansas.

Barry will also be cataloging and characterizing a range of indigenous soils to determine their suitability for incorporation into concrete. The idea is that an expeditionary force will be able to deploy and make use of local materials in horizontal construction rather than shipping cement and aggregates across vast distances. The force would instead have a convenient catalog of recipes for concrete mixes adapted to local conditions with the assurance it can be pumped through nozzles and 3D printed with requisite robots on site.

Murray, who specializes in concrete, will assist with analyzing the composition of the concrete as well as large-scale testing of experimental forms.

Zhou, the director of the Advanced Manufacturing, Modeling, and Materials Lab at the University of Arkansas, is also the co-founder of AMBOTS, a local startup company developing ‘swarm manufacturing technology’. Zhou’s job will be to oversee the conversion of the CAD models created by the team into machine instructions, which will involve laying down printing paths for a range of materials and designs, and eventually incorporating multiple robots.

AMBOTS will lead the software development for the construction of 3D printing robots. The robots are expected to work independently as well as collectively and be able to adapt to different mixes. Other considerations include ensuring a high degree of precision in printing large-scale jobs, the development of a mobile platform that can be deployed quickly in a range of environments, and the ability to power the overall system.

Graduate students from both Zhou’s lab and employees at AMBOTS will be conducting the research.

Barry anticipates mobilizing as many as 18 graduate students, post-doctoral students, and research technicians, as well as welcoming additional faculty into the project. Funds from the award will also be used to acquire a large format 3D printer, and additional equipment for soil and concrete characterization.

Barry indicated that using indigenous soils has been an area of interest to her for some time, largely due to the lower impact on the environment. “Humans have been building with soils for thousands of years, but 3D printing soils enables us to use soils in new and exciting ways. We can build structures or roads in disaster relief areas where you’re just bringing in a piece of equipment because you might not be able to bring in other construction materials,” said Barry. “If the local soils will work, you print with them for the time being, people are sheltered and then once it’s not needed, it dissolves back to the original landscape.”

“We’re excited to have the opportunity to work with ARA and leverage their industry knowledge and experience to develop cutting-edge 3D printing capabilities,” said Zhou. “This grant will enable us to invest in research and development, driving the innovation of our swarm 3D printing technology and unlocking new possibilities for the future of construction and other industries.”

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Author: Edward Wakefield