Industrial FDM 3D printing with pure copper, yes you read that right. American 3D printing machine and material manufacturer Markforged has introduced a pure copper filament (99.8% Cu by weight) for its industrial FDM metal 3D printing machines.
Copper is a much-used metal in many industrial applications, desired for its high electrical and thermal conductivity. Copper is used for example for making pipes, particularly where heat conduction is important, wires, housing, and electrical equipment and welding equipment (spot welding shanks) to name just a few common applications.
But copper is a notoriously difficult material to 3D print.
Copper filaments have been available for additive manufacturing for use in desktop FDM machines, but these are mainly used and meant for decorative projects.
These copper filaments are made of a mixture of copper powder and PLA. The ratio differs per brand from 60% copper to up to 90% percent.
Note that there are also copper-colored filaments. But these are merely mimicking the aesthetics of copper and do not contain copper.
These copper filaments are meant for use on regular desktop FDM machines with some adjusting required on the nozzle and heating settings. But as mentioned the resulting prints are mainly for decorative objects, like statues or jewelry, because the parts are very brittle
To make parts for industrial use the industry looked at Selective Laser Melting as a more serious option.