{"id":191967,"date":"2022-08-21T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-08-21T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/facfox.com\/news\/researchers-turn-3d-printing-inside-out-with-printed-ice-3d-printing-processes\/"},"modified":"2022-08-21T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2022-08-21T00:00:00","slug":"researchers-turn-3d-printing-inside-out-with-printed-ice-3d-printing-processes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/facfox.com\/news\/researchers-turn-3d-printing-inside-out-with-printed-ice-3d-printing-processes\/","title":{"rendered":"Researchers turn 3D printing \u201cinside out\u201d with printed ice 3D Printing Processes"},"content":{"rendered":"

Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have developed a high-speed, reproducible fabrication method that turns the 3D printing<\/a> process \u201cinside out.\u201d They developed an approach to 3D print ice structures that can be used to create sacrificial templates that later form the conduits and other open features inside fabricated part<\/a>s.<\/p>\n

According to an art<\/a>icle uploaded to TechXplore, by Lynn Shea from the Carnegie Mellon University Mechanical Engineering, big scientific breakthroughs often require inventions at the smallest scale. Advances in tissue engineering that can replace heart<\/a>s and lungs will require the fabrication of art<\/a>ificial tissues that allow for the flow of blood through passages that are no thicker than a strand of hair. Similarly, miniature \u2018softbotic\u2019 (soft-robot) devices that physically interact with humans safely and comfortably will demand the manufacture of components with complex networks of small liquid and airflow channels.<\/p>\n

Advances in 3D printing<\/a> are making it possible to produce such tiny structures, but challenges remain for those application<\/a>s that require very small, smooth, internal channels in specific complex geometries. The 3D printing<\/a> of these geometries using traditional processes requires the use of support structures that are can be difficult to remove after printing, and printing these models using layer-based methods at a high resolution can often take a long time, and compromise geometric accuracy.<\/p>\n

Akash Garg, a Ph.D. student in mechanic<\/a>al engineering, and Saigopalakrishna Yerneni, a postdoctoral associate in chemical engineering, developed the process and conducted studies under the direction of Burak Ozdoganlar, Philip LeDuc, and Phil Campbell \u2013 professors in mechanic<\/a>al and biomedical<\/a> engineering.<\/p>\n

\u201cUsing our 3D ice process, we can fabricate microscale ice templates with smooth walls and branched structures with smooth transitions. These can subsequently be used to fabricate microscale part<\/a>s with well-defined internal voids,\u201d said Akash Garg.<\/p>\n

Water is exceptionally well-suited for use in bioengineering application<\/a>s \u2013 considering that it is the most abundant substance on the Eart<\/a>h\u2019s surface and the primary building block of any living organism. The simple and rapid phase transition of water to ice provides exciting opportunities for using water as an environment<\/a>ally friendly structural material.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt doesn\u2019t get any more biocompatible than water,\u201d said Akash Garg.<\/p>\n

The team uses the printed ice structures as sacrificial templates for \u201creverse molding\u201d, or inside-out 3D printing<\/a>. The ice structures are submerged into the liquid or gel form of a chilled structural material, such as resin. After the material sets or is cured, the water is removed. For this purpose, the ice can be melted to evacuate the water. Alternatively, the ice can be sublimated by converting it into water vapor without turning it into liquid water. This ability to easily sublimate the ice allows for easy and \u2018gentle\u2019 removal after casting and solidifying the surrounding structural material.<\/p>\n

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A piezoelectric inkjet nozzle is used to eject water droplets (diameter = 50 \u00b5m) onto a cold build platform maintained at -35\u00b0C. Planar (X-Y) motion of the build stage is synchronized with droplet discharge to print intricate ice geometries. Credit: College of Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University <\/p>\n

A high-resolution 3D printing<\/a> system is used to deposit water droplets onto a -35\u00b0C custom-built temperature-controlled platform that rapidly transforms the water into ice. By modulating the ejection frequency of the water droplets and synchronizing it with movements of the stage, the new process enables printing branched geometries with smooth surfaces and continuous variations in diameter with smooth transitions.<\/p>\n

The researchers demonstrated this by printing multiple complex ice geometries, such as a tree, a helix around a pole, and even a one-and-a-half-millimeter tall octopus figurine. The rapid phase change of the water and the strength of the ice enabled freeform 3D printing<\/a> of ice structures without requiring time-consuming layer-by-layer printing or support structures.<\/p>\n

Experimental studies were performed to determine the printing path, motion-stage speed, and droplet frequencies to reproducibly fabricate smooth ice structures with straight, inclined, branching, and hierarchical geometries.<\/p>\n

\u201cControlling so many parameters was challenging,\u201d explained Akash Garg. \u201cWe gradually built up in complexity.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cThis is an amazing accomplishment that will bring exciting advances,\u201d commented Burak Ozdoganlar. \u201cWe believe this approach has enormous potential to revolutionize tissue engineering and other fields, where miniature structures with complex channels are demanded, such as for microfluidics and soft-robotics.\u201d<\/p>\n

Faculty researchers at Carnegie Mellon frequently work together on interdisciplinary teams to solve such engineering and biological challenges.<\/p>\n

\u201cOne of the wonderful part<\/a>s of Carnegie Mellon is bringing together people from many different disciplines to develop new approaches and solve problems in unique new ways, which is exactly what occurred here to develop these exciting findings,\u201d said Philip LeDuc.<\/p>\n

The researchers acknowledged the great contribution of the late Lee Weiss, who originally constructed the high-resolution 3D printing<\/a> system. Weiss was a professor in the College of Engineering and School of Computer Science, as well as a founding member of Carnegie Mellon\u2019s Robotics Institute.<\/p>\n

The study was published in Advanced Science. While adoption of the 3D ice process for engineering application<\/a>s such as creating pneumatic channels for soft robotics could be available in as little as a year, its clinical use for tissue engineering will take more time.<\/p>\n

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3D Systems\u2019 Medical Advisory Board adds two new doctors: <\/a>Dr. Toby Cosgrove has distinguished himself as a leader of one of the world\u2019s most recognized healthcare institutions, a renowned medical practitioner, and as a forward-looking healthcare innovator. Having been affiliated with the Cleveland Clinic healthcare system for nearly 50 years, Dr. Cosgrove served as President and Chief Executive Officer from 2004 to 2017 and is currently an Executive Advisor to the Clinic. As President and CEO, Dr. Cosgrove oversaw a $6 billion annual revenue institution comprised of the Cleveland Clinic, over 20 Ohio-based hospitals, family health centers, and surgical facilities, as well as Cleveland Clinic affiliates in other US states, and internationally. During Dr. Cosgrove\u2019s tenure leading the Cleveland Clinic, the clinic was ranked among the top three hospitals in America by US News and World Report, and he championed a broad range of initiatives to improve clinical outcomes, increase patient satisfaction, and focus the clinic\u2019s delivery of health care services around specific organ systems and diseases.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

* This article is reprinted from 3D Printing Media Network<\/a>. If you are involved in infringement, please contact us to delete it.<\/p>\n

<\/i> Author: Edward Wakefield<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have developed a high-speed, reproducible fabrication method that turns the 3D printing process \u201cinside out.\u201d They developed an approach to 3D print ice structures that can be used to create sacrificial templates that later form the conduits and other open features inside fabricated parts.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":191969,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"fifu_image_url":"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/6535678189660874601.jpeg","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[195],"tags":[4880],"class_list":["post-191967","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medical","tag-3d-printing-processesam-researchmaterialsmedicalmicro-3d-printingresearch-education"],"yoast_head":"\nResearchers turn 3D printing \u201cinside out\u201d with printed ice 3D Printing Processes - 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