{"id":169020,"date":"2020-10-20T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-10-20T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/facfox.com\/news\/?p=169020"},"modified":"2024-10-18T10:35:58","modified_gmt":"2024-10-18T10:35:58","slug":"nasa-jpl-provides-more-details-about-perseverance-rovers-3d-printed-metal-parts-aerospace","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/facfox.com\/news\/nasa-jpl-provides-more-details-about-perseverance-rovers-3d-printed-metal-parts-aerospace\/","title":{"rendered":"NASA JPL provides more details about Perseverance Rover\u2019s 3D printed metal parts Aerospace"},"content":{"rendered":"

NASA is exploring additive manufacturing to build rocket engines as well as potential outposts on the Moon and Mars. Nearer in the future is a different milestone: NASA\u2019s Perseverance rover, which lands on the Red Planet on Feb. 18, 2021, carries 11 metal parts made with 3D printing<\/a> (some of which were produced by Carpenter Technology as we reported in this exclusive interview for 3dpbm\u2019s AM Focus 2020 Service Providers eBook)<\/p>\n

Using 3D printing allows engineers to play with unique designs and traits, such as making hardware lighter, stronger, or responsive to heat or cold. \u201cIt\u2019s like working with papier-m\u00e2ch\u00e9,\u201d said Andre Pate, the group lead for additive manufacturing at NASA\u2019s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California. \u201cYou build each feature layer by layer, and soon you have a detailed part.\u201d<\/p>\n

Curiosity, Perseverance\u2019s predecessor, was the first mission to take 3D printing to the Red Planet. It landed in 2012 with a 3D printed ceramic part inside the rover\u2019s ovenlike Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument. NASA has since continued to test 3D printing<\/a> for use in spacecraft to make sure the reliability of the parts is well understood.<\/p>\n

As \u201csecondary structures,\u201d Perseverance\u2019s printed parts wouldn\u2019t jeopardize the mission if they didn\u2019t work as planned, but as Pate said, \u201cFlying these parts to Mars is a huge milestone that opens the door a little more for additive manufacturing in the space industry.\u201d<\/p>\n

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A shell for PIXL<\/h2>\n

Of the 11 printed parts going to Mars, five are in Perseverance\u2019s PIXL instrument. Short for the Planetary Instrument for X-ray Lithochemistry, the lunchbox-size device will help the rover seek out signs of fossilized microbial life by shooting X-ray beams at rock surfaces to analyze them.<\/p>\n

PIXL shares space with other tools in the 88-pound (40-kilogram) rotating turret at the end of the rover\u2019s 7-foot-long (2-meter-long) robotic arm. To make the instrument as light as possible, the JPL team designed PIXL\u2019s two-piece titanium shell, a mounting frame, and two support struts that secure the shell to the end of the arm to be hollow and extremely thin. In fact, the parts, which were 3D printed by a vendor called Carpenter Additive, have three or four times less mass than if they\u2019d been produced conventionally.<\/p>\n

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\u201cIn a very real sense, 3D printing made this instrument possible,\u201d said Michael Schein, PIXL\u2019s lead mechanical engineer at JPL. \u201cThese techniques allowed us to achieve a low mass and high-precision pointing that could not be made with conventional fabrication.\u201d<\/p>\n

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MOXIE turns up the heat<\/h2>\n

Perseverance\u2019s six other 3D printed parts can be found in an instrument called the Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment, or MOXIE. This device will test technologies<\/a> that, in the future, could produce industrial quantities of oxygen to create rocket propellant on Mars, helping astronauts launch back to Earth.<\/p>\n

To create oxygen, MOXIE heats Martian air up to nearly 1,500 degrees Fahrenheit (800 degrees Celsius). Within the device are six heat exchangers \u2013 palm-size nickel-alloy plates that protect key parts of the instrument from the effects of high temperatures.<\/p>\n

While a conventionally machined heat exchanger would need to be made out of two parts and welded together, MOXIE\u2019s were each 3D printed as a single piece at nearby Caltech, which manages JPL for NASA.<\/p>\n

\u201cThese kinds of nickel parts are called superalloys because they maintain their strength even at very high temperatures,\u201d said Samad Firdosy, a material engineer at JPL who helped develop the heat exchangers. \u201cSuperalloys are typically found in jet engines or power-generating turbines. They\u2019re really good at resisting corrosion, even while really hot.\u201d<\/p>\n

Although the new manufacturing process offers convenience, each layer of alloy that the printer lays down can form pores or cracks that can weaken the material. To avoid this, the plates were treated in a hot isostatic press \u2013 a gas crusher \u2013 that heats material to over 1,832 degrees Fahrenheit (1,000 degrees Celsius) and adds intense pressure evenly around the part. Then, engineers used microscopes and lots of mechanical testing to check the microstructure of the exchangers and ensure they were suitable for spaceflight.<\/p>\n

\u201cI really love microstructures,\u201d Firdosy said. \u201cFor me to see that kind of detail as material is printed, and how it evolves to make this functional part that\u2019s flying to Mars \u2013 that\u2019s very cool.\u201d<\/p>\n

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You might also like:<\/h5>\n

Lockheed picks Relativity\u2019s 3D printed rocket for NASA Tipping Point selection: <\/a>\u201cThe mission \u2013 Tech Crunch\u2019s Devin Coldewey reports \u2013 \u201cis a test of a dozen different cryogenic fluid management systems, including liquid hydrogen, which is a very difficult substance to work with indeed. The tests will take place on a single craft in orbit, which means it will be a particularly complicated one to design and accommodate.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

* This article is reprinted from 3D Printing Media Network<\/a>. If you are involved in infringement, please contact us to delete it.<\/p>\n

<\/i> Author:\u00a0Davide Sher<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

NASA is exploring additive manufacturing to build rocket engines as well as potential outposts on the Moon and Mars. 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