{"id":97769,"date":"2020-06-04T15:02:29","date_gmt":"2020-06-04T07:02:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/facfox.com\/?post_type=kb&amp;p=97769"},"modified":"2020-06-04T15:02:29","modified_gmt":"2020-06-04T07:02:29","slug":"understanding-food-grade-vs-biocompatibility-for-medical-device-materials","status":"publish","type":"kb","link":"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/kb\/understanding-food-grade-vs-biocompatibility-for-medical-device-materials","title":{"rendered":"Understanding Food-Grade vs. Biocompatibility for Medical Device Materials"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Material choice for any product is a key factor in its success. That\u2019s especially true in medical device development, where the device can be in contact with patients or implanted. While searching for the right material, I\u2019ve had food-grade or FDA approved materials suggested as a possibility. They are not the same as biocompatible.<\/p>\n<p>Materials have been under increasing scrutiny in recent years. Events like the Tylenol recall in 2010 (due to the leaching of chemicals from packaging) have heightened awareness. <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/echa.europa.eu\/regulations\/reach\/understanding-reach\" target=\"_blank\">REACH (European Union Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals)<\/a> has extended the original <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/environment\/waste\/rohs_eee\/index_en.htm\" target=\"_blank\">RoHS (Restriction on Hazardous Substances)<\/a> program, with increasing numbers of chemicals making the list.<\/p>\n<p>I\u2019ll run through the essential requirements of food-grade material below to contrast those requirements against biocompatibility.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-97771 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/facfox.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/035_main-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"740\" height=\"400\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Extractables and Leachables<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>As in the Tylenol case, when materials come in contact with other materials, one material can leach compounds into the other. This interaction falls into two basic categories: extractables and leachables (E&amp;L).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Extractables are substances which can be pulled out of the target material under abnormal use conditions\u2014e.g., solvents, more acidic or alkaline environments, or elevated temperatures.<\/li>\n<li>Leachables are transferred through normal conditions over the lifetime of the product, such as long-term storage.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The FDA requires E&amp;L studies for some 510(k) submissions. Long-term use (more than 29 days), drugs, known toxicities, and blood contact are some areas where E&amp;L testing is likely required. Testing for E&amp;L is covered under <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/53468.html\" target=\"_blank\">ISO 10993-12<\/a> and <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/41106.html\" target=\"_blank\">10993-18<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Food-Grade<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>What is food-grade? That\u2019s a reasonably easy definition to provide\u2014food-grade or \u201cfood contacting substances\u201d (FCS) are those that can come into contact with food and do not cause any hazards or change the flavor, taste, etc. (FCS is defined in Section 409(h)(6) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act). Food-grade and food-safe designations are similar to the difference between extractables and leachables. Food-safe means that a food-grade material is safe for its intended use. Food-grade may not be food-safe if boiling liquids are placed in it, or if it\u2019s microwaved. These are examples where use may impact the material negatively. The FDA has an information page on these materials <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food\/food-ingredients-packaging\/packaging-food-contact-substances-fcs\" target=\"_blank\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Interestingly, the FDA recognizes it may be impossible to prove a substance is completely safe. If the material is not part of the <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food\/food-ingredients-packaging\/generally-recognized-safe-gras\" target=\"_blank\">GRAS list (Generally Recognized As Safe),<\/a> there are a number of requirements to be met. To be considered food-safe, a report on the material\u2019s toxicological, mutagenic (potential to effect permanent genetic changes), and carcinogenic properties must be submitted to the FDA. An important aspect of food-grade material approvals is exposure time. There are a few levels which are important, and depending on the exposure levels, short term genotoxicity tests like the Ames and mouse lymphoma assay (MLA) tests may be required. Or for higher exposure, full <em>in vivo <\/em>testing in lab animals may be required.<\/p>\n<p>Additionally, the structure of the molecules in question can be analyzed and modeled for structure-activity relationships. In short, an analysis is required to determine if the material contains any structures or properties which can potentially damage DNA. These kinds of analysis are particularly valuable where the compound is untested or unknown.<\/p>\n<p>To be fully FDA compliant, food-grade materials must be approved for the specific conditions they are operating in, as well as the materials they are in contact with\u2014i.e., acidity, oil or fat contacting, etc. In addition, the material needs to withstand any cleaning processes used. These can have an effect on the ability of the material to leach into a material it comes in contact with.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Biocompatibility<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>If your medical device comes in contact with a patient, all of the above is insufficient. While there are a few similarities, biocompatibility is focused on risks and is a risk-based approach. The duration of contact, the type of contact (e.g., blood, mucosal membranes), and the category of contact (surface, externally communicating, or implanted) require an increasing level of risk mitigation, with the number and duration of tests increasing accordingly. The required tests are outlined in ISO 10993.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_97772\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-97772\" style=\"width: 720px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-97772\" src=\"https:\/\/facfox.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/033_main.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"357\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-97772\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">ISO 10993 table<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"caption_center\">It\u2019s important to note material selection depends on the application of the material. What is suitable in one medical device may not be in another application. ISO 10993 is a risk management process, and quite different from those used for food-grade or pharmaceutical materials.<\/div>\n<div class=\"caption_center\">It\u2019s not just the material that matters: it\u2019s the whole process of making the component, including any packaging. If the part is molded, are mold release agents used, and do they impact the material? Are there any cleaning protocols? All of these must be controlled, as any changes to the manufacturing processes could impact the material\u2019s biocompatibility.<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"caption_center\"><strong>USP Materials<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"caption_center\">The US Pharmacopeial Convention (USP) designates materials with classifications ranging from Class I to Class VI. The tests involved with USP Class VI have some similarities and cross-over to ISO 10993. Simply using a Class VI material is not sufficient, as the USP classification outlines tests required, but does not include the risk management required of medical devices. For example, USP Class VI requires an intracutaneous irritation test, which is also required for ISO 10993 compliance. However, Class VI also requires subacute toxicity and implantation effects, which are not required for many categories of ISO 10993. It also misses required tests associated with other categories. While it is possible a USP Class VI material could also be ISO 10993 compliant, it\u2019s not a given and USP Class VI alone is not sufficient for adherence to ISO 10993. That being said, if you can\u2019t get an ISO 10993 compliant material (often because the material simply hasn\u2019t been tested), using a USP Class VI material is a less risky option.<\/p>\n<p class=\"caption_center\">It\u2019s possible that a material is food-grade, food-safe, USP Class VI, and ISO 10993 compliant. But just because something is food-safe in no way implies it is also biocompatible. Without going through ISO 10993 and determining use cases and risks, the material may not meet your needs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Material choice for any product is a key factor in its success. That\u2019s especially true in medical device development, where the device can be in contact with patients or implanted. While searching for the right material, I\u2019ve had food-grade or FDA approved materials suggested as a possibility. They are not the same as biocompatible. Materials [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":97770,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"kbtopic":[122],"kbtag":[276,277],"class_list":["post-97769","kb","type-kb","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","kbtopic-mtl","kbtag-biocompatible","kbtag-food-safe"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.1 (Yoast SEO v27.1.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Understanding Food-Grade vs. Biocompatibility for Medical Device Materials - FacFox Docs<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Material choice for any product is a key factor in its success. While searching for the right material, I\u2019ve had food-grade or FDA approved materials suggested as a possibility.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/kb\/understanding-food-grade-vs-biocompatibility-for-medical-device-materials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Understanding Food-Grade vs. Biocompatibility for Medical Device Materials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Material choice for any product is a key factor in its success. While searching for the right material, I\u2019ve had food-grade or FDA approved materials suggested as a possibility.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/kb\/understanding-food-grade-vs-biocompatibility-for-medical-device-materials\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"FacFox Docs\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/facebook.com\/facfox3d\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@facfox3d\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/kb\/understanding-food-grade-vs-biocompatibility-for-medical-device-materials\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/kb\/understanding-food-grade-vs-biocompatibility-for-medical-device-materials\",\"name\":\"Understanding Food-Grade vs. Biocompatibility for Medical Device Materials - FacFox Docs\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/kb\/understanding-food-grade-vs-biocompatibility-for-medical-device-materials#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/kb\/understanding-food-grade-vs-biocompatibility-for-medical-device-materials#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-06-04T07:02:29+00:00\",\"description\":\"Material choice for any product is a key factor in its success. While searching for the right material, I\u2019ve had food-grade or FDA approved materials suggested as a possibility.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/kb\/understanding-food-grade-vs-biocompatibility-for-medical-device-materials#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/kb\/understanding-food-grade-vs-biocompatibility-for-medical-device-materials\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/kb\/understanding-food-grade-vs-biocompatibility-for-medical-device-materials#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"\",\"contentUrl\":\"\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/kb\/understanding-food-grade-vs-biocompatibility-for-medical-device-materials#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Understanding Food-Grade vs. Biocompatibility for Medical Device Materials\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/\",\"name\":\"FacFox Docs\",\"description\":\"Knowledgebase of manufacturing\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/#organization\",\"name\":\"FACFOX,INC.\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/foxdoc-favicon.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/foxdoc-favicon.png\",\"width\":132,\"height\":133,\"caption\":\"FACFOX,INC.\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/facebook.com\/facfox3d\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/facfox3d\",\"https:\/\/instagram.com\/facfox3d\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Understanding Food-Grade vs. Biocompatibility for Medical Device Materials - FacFox Docs","description":"Material choice for any product is a key factor in its success. While searching for the right material, I\u2019ve had food-grade or FDA approved materials suggested as a possibility.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/kb\/understanding-food-grade-vs-biocompatibility-for-medical-device-materials","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Understanding Food-Grade vs. Biocompatibility for Medical Device Materials","og_description":"Material choice for any product is a key factor in its success. While searching for the right material, I\u2019ve had food-grade or FDA approved materials suggested as a possibility.","og_url":"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/kb\/understanding-food-grade-vs-biocompatibility-for-medical-device-materials","og_site_name":"FacFox Docs","article_publisher":"https:\/\/facebook.com\/facfox3d","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@facfox3d","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/kb\/understanding-food-grade-vs-biocompatibility-for-medical-device-materials","url":"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/kb\/understanding-food-grade-vs-biocompatibility-for-medical-device-materials","name":"Understanding Food-Grade vs. Biocompatibility for Medical Device Materials - FacFox Docs","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/kb\/understanding-food-grade-vs-biocompatibility-for-medical-device-materials#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/kb\/understanding-food-grade-vs-biocompatibility-for-medical-device-materials#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"","datePublished":"2020-06-04T07:02:29+00:00","description":"Material choice for any product is a key factor in its success. While searching for the right material, I\u2019ve had food-grade or FDA approved materials suggested as a possibility.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/kb\/understanding-food-grade-vs-biocompatibility-for-medical-device-materials#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/kb\/understanding-food-grade-vs-biocompatibility-for-medical-device-materials"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/kb\/understanding-food-grade-vs-biocompatibility-for-medical-device-materials#primaryimage","url":"","contentUrl":""},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/kb\/understanding-food-grade-vs-biocompatibility-for-medical-device-materials#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Understanding Food-Grade vs. Biocompatibility for Medical Device Materials"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/#website","url":"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/","name":"FacFox Docs","description":"Knowledgebase of manufacturing","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/#organization","name":"FACFOX,INC.","url":"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/foxdoc-favicon.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/foxdoc-favicon.png","width":132,"height":133,"caption":"FACFOX,INC."},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/facebook.com\/facfox3d","https:\/\/x.com\/facfox3d","https:\/\/instagram.com\/facfox3d"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kb\/97769","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kb"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/kb"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=97769"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kb\/97769\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=97769"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"kbtopic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kbtopic?post=97769"},{"taxonomy":"kbtag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/facfox.com\/docs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kbtag?post=97769"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}